Heat olive oil in a large pot over medium heat. Add crumbled sausage and cook until browned, about 8-10 minutes.
Add diced onion, minced garlic, Italian seasoning, and cayenne to the pot with the sausage. Cook until onions are translucent, about 5 minutes. Add salt and pepper.
Pour in chicken broth and water; bring to a boil. Add diced potatoes, reduce heat, and simmer for about 10 minutes.
Add chopped kale to the pot and continue to simmer until the kale is tender and potatoes are fully cooked, about 10 more minutes. Adjust salt and pepper to taste.
Add cream cheese cubes into the soup and stir to melt. Ladle the soup into bowls, sprinkle with Parmesan cheese, and serve hot.